1.
ABSTRACT :
Mobility is the most
important component in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and delay-tolerant
networks (DTNs). In this project, we first investigate numerous GPS mobility
traces of human mobile nodes and observe super-diffusive behavior in all GPS
traces, which is characterized by a ‘faster-than-linear’ growth rate of the
mean square displacement (MSD) of a mobile node. We then explains a large
amount of access point (AP) based traces, and develop a theoretical framework
built upon continuous time random walk (CTRW) formalism, in which one can
identify the degree of diffusive behavior of mobile nodes even under possibly
heavy-tailed pause time distribution, as in the case of reality. We study
existing synthetic models and trace based models in term of the capability of
producing various degrees of diffusive behavior, and use a set of L'evy walk
models due to its simplicity and flexibility. In addition, we show that
diffusive properties make a huge impact on contact-based metrics and the
performance of routing protocols in various scenarios and that existing models
such as random way point, random direction
model or Brownian
motion lead to overly optimistic or pessimistic results when diffusive
properties are not properly captured. Our work in this paper thus suggests that
the diffusive behavior of mobile nodes should be correctly captured and taken
into account for the design and comparison study of network protocols.
2.EXISTING SYSTEM :
The mobility pattern directly impacts
time-varying contact/inter-contact dynamics among mobile nodes, which in turn
affect the performance of any protocol built over these mobility patterns .
Mobility models that fail to capture key characteristics in the movement
pattern of mobile nodes will result in misleading guidelines on the design of
new protocols and their performance evaluations and thus prevent us from making
a right decision on our choice.
Numerous approaches
have been put forth, ranging from various synthetic mobility modelings with
certain desired properties, to the numerical study of MANET protocols using
mobility traces obtained from real-world measurements. Synthetic mobility
models , such as random way point models, random direction models, random walk
or Brownian motion on a square or a sphere, and their variations, have been
developed mainly for the purpose of simplicity and the ease of analysis, but
subsequently been criticized for their unrealistic behaviors.
Another common approach is to rely on
real mobility traces and use them as
inputs to a simulator for the study and comparison of protocols . This
approach, however, suffers from lack of the amount of available traces on a
fine time/space scale; most existing traces show only partial or ‘filtered’
information about the real trajectories of mobile nodes such as access point
(AP) association information or just contact duration with others, not the
actual spatial-temporal information of the mobile users on a fine scale.
Existing synthetic models and trace based models are studied to find out
whether these models can produce varying degrees of super-diffusive behavior as
observed from all GPS-based mobility traces as well as AP-based traces, and
show that each model can generate only a limited range of diffusive properties
or cannot be conveniently used to produce different degrees of diffusive
property in practice.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM :
Super-diffusive
behavior is the common characteristic in the movement of mobile nodes. We have
investigated a large number of GPS-based traces as well as AP-based traces
available in the literature. Our approach via the use of MSD coupled with CTRW
formalism, allows us to statistically and theoretically identify the (possibly
hidden) degree of diffusive behavior of mobile nodes. A numerous GPS-based
mobility traces as well as AP-based traces are examined to find out key characteristics
in movement patterns of mobile nodes. The location of mobile nodes and how it
changes over time is specifically focused. We then find that there is a common
and distinctive characteristic observed in all mobility traces, super-diffusive
movement pattern, which is characterized by a ‘faster-than-linear’ growth curve
of the mean square displacement (MSD)
A set of L'evy walk models which is
simple, easy-to-generate, yet still versatile mobility models. The L´evy
walk model is an isotropic two-dimensional random walks, whose super-diffusive
behavior (super-linear growth in MSD) is easily controlled via a single
parameter – the exponent of its power-law step-length distribution.
4.HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
•
System :
Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
•
Hard Disk :
40 GB.
•
Floppy Drive : 1.44 MB.
•
Monitor :
15 VGA Colour.
•
Mouse :
Logitech.
•
Ram :
256 MB.
5.SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
•
Operating
System : - Windows XP Professional.
•
Front
End :
- Asp .Net 2.0.
•
Coding
Language : - Visual C# .Net.
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